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W78E54B 8-BIT MICROCONTROLLER
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The W78E54B is an 8-bit microcontroller which can accommodate a wider frequency range with low power consumption. The instruction set for the W78E54B is fully compatible with the standard 8051. The W78E54B contains an 16K bytes Flash EPROM; a 256 bytes RAM; four 8-bit bi-directional and bitaddressable I/O ports; an additional 4-bit I/O port P4; three 16-bit timer/counters; a hardware watchdog timer and a serial port. These peripherals are supported by eight sources two-level interrupt capability. To facilitate programming and verification, the Flash EPROM inside the W78E54B allows the program memory to be programmed and read electronically. Once the code is confirmed, the user can protect the code for security. The W78E54B microcontroller has two power reduction modes, idle mode and power-down mode, both of which are software selectable. The idle mode turns off the processor clock but allows for continued peripheral operation. The power-down mode stops the crystal oscillator for minimum power consumption. The external clock can be stopped at any time and in any state without affecting the processor.
FEATURES
* Fully static design 8-bit CMOS microcontroller * Wide supply voltage of 4.5V to 5.5V * 256 bytes of on-chip scratchpad RAM * 16 KB electrically erasable/programmable Flash EPROM * 64 KB program memory address space * 64 KB data memory address space * Four 8-bit bi-directional ports * One extra 4-bit bit-addressable I/O port, additional INT2 / INT3
(available on 44-pin PLCC/QFP package) * Three 16-bit timer/counters
* One full duplex serial port(UART) * Watchdog Timer * Eight sources, two-level interrupt capability * EMI reduction mode * Built-in power management * Code protection mechanism * Packages:
- DIP 40: W78E54B-24/40 - PLCC 44: W78E54BP-24/40 - PQFP 44: W78E54BF-24/40
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
40-Pin DIP (W78E54B)
T2, P1.0 T2EX, P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST RXD, P3.0 TXD, P3.1 INT0, P3.2 INT1, P3.3 T0, P3.4 T1, P3.5 WR, P3.6 RD, P3.7 XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 VDD P0.0, AD0 P0.1, AD1 P0.2, AD2 P0.3, AD3 P0.4, AD4 P0.5, AD5 P0.6, AD6 P0.7, AD7 EA ALE PSEN P2.7, A15 P2.6, A14 P2.5, A13 P2.4, A12 P2.3, A11 P2.2, A10 P2.1, A9 P2.0, A8
44-Pin PLCC (W78E54BP)
/ I A N TT D 23 0 ,, , PP P 1 4V 0 . .D. 0 2D0
44-Pin QFP (W78E54BF)
T 2 E X , PPPP 1111 .... 4321 / I A N D T 0 3 , , P P 4V0 .D. 2D0
T 2 E X , PPPP 1111 .... 4321
A D 1 , P 0 . 1
A D 2 , P 0 . 2
A D 3 , P 0 . 3
T 2 , P 1 . 0
A D 1 , P 0 . 1
A D 2 , P 0 . 2
A D 3 , P 0 . 3
P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST RXD, P3.0 INT2, P4.3 TXD, P3.1 INT0, P3.2 INT1, P3.3 T0, P3.4 T1, P3.5
6 5 4 3 2 1 44 43 42 41 40 7 39 8 38 9 37 10 36 11 35 12 34 13 33 14 32 15 31 16 30 29 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 P 3 . 6 , / W R P 3 . 7 , / R D X T A L 2 XVPPP TS422 AS. . . L 001 1 ,, AA 89 P 2 . 2 , A 1 0 P 2 . 3 , A 1 1 P 2 . 4 , A 1 2
P0.4, AD4 P0.5, AD5 P0.6, AD6 P0.7, AD7 EA P4.1 ALE PSEN P2.7, A15 P2.6, A14 P2.5, A13
P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST RXD, P3.0 INT2, P4.3 TXD, P3.1 INT0, P3.2 INT1, P3.3 T0, P3.4 T1, P3.5
1 2
44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 3 30 4 29 5 28 6 27 7 8 26 9 25 10 24 11 23 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 P 3 . 6 , / W R P 3 . 7 , / R D X T A L 2 XVPP TS42 AS. . L 00 1 , A 8 P 2 . 1 , A 9 P 2 . 2 , A 1 0 P 2 . 3 , A 1 1 P 2 . 4 , A 1 2
P0.4, AD4 P0.5, AD5 P0.6, AD6 P0.7, AD7 EA P4.1 ALE PSEN P2.7, A15 P2.6, A14 P2.5, A13
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W78E54B
PIN DESCRIPTION
SYMBOL EA DESCRIPTIONS EXTERNAL ACCESS ENABLE: This pin forces the processor to execute out of external ROM. It should be kept high to access internal ROM. The ROM address and data will not be presented on the bus if EA pin is high and the program counter is within on-chip ROM area. PROGRAM STORE ENABLE: PSEN enables the external ROM data onto the Port 0 address/ data bus during fetch and MOVC operations. When internal ROM access is performed, no PSEN strobe signal outputs from this pin. ADDRESS LATCH ENABLE: ALE is used to enable the address latch that separates the address from the data on Port 0. RESET: A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. CRYSTAL1: This is the crystal oscillator input. This pin may be driven by an external clock. CRYSTAL2: This is the crystal oscillator output. It is the inversion of XTAL1. GROUND: Ground potential POWER SUPPLY: Supply voltage for operation. PORT 0: Port 0 is a bi-directional I/O port which also provides a multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to external memory. The Port 0 is also an open-drain port and external pull-ups need to be connected while in programming. PORT 1: Port 1 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The bits have alternate functions which are described below: T2(P1.0): Timer/Counter 2 external count input T2EX(P1.1): Timer/Counter 2 Reload/Capture control PORT 2: Port 2 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. This port also provides the upper address bits for accesses to external memory. PORT 3: Port 3 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. All bits have alternate functions, which are described below: RXD(P3.0) : Serial Port receiver input TXD(P3.1) : Serial Port transmitter output INT0 (P3.2) : External Interrupt 0 INT1(P3.3) : External Interrupt 1 T0(P3.4) : Timer 0 External Input T1(P3.5) : Timer 1 External Input WR (P3.6) :External Data Memory Write Strobe RD (P3.7) : External Data Memory Read Strobe P4.0-P4.3 PORT 4: Another bit-addressable bidirectional I/O port P4. P4.3 and P4.2 are alternative function pins. It can be used as general I/O port or external interrupt input sources (INT2 /INT3 ).
PSEN
ALE RST XTAL1 XTAL2 VSS VDD P0.0-P0.7
P1.0-P1.7
P2.0-P2.7 P3.0-P3.7
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
BLOCK DIAGRAM
P1.0 ~ P1.7
Port 1
Port 1 Latch
ACC
INT2
B
Port 0 Latch T1 T2 Port 0
Interrupt
INT3
P0.0 ~ P0.7
Timer 2 Timer 0 Timer 1 UART PSW ALU Stack Pointer
DPTR Temp Reg. PC
Incrementor
Addr. Reg.
P3.0 ~ P3.7
Port 3
Port 3 Latch Instruction Decoder & Sequencer
SFR RAM Address
256 bytes RAM & SFR
ROM
Bus & Clock Controller Port 4 Latch
Port 2 Latch
Port 2
P2.0 ~ P2.7
P4.0 ~ P4.3
Port 4
Watchdog Timer
Oscillator
Reset Block
Power control
XTAL1 XTAL2 ALE PSEN
RST
Vcc
Vss
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The W78E54B architecture consists of a core controller surrounded by various registers, five general purpose I/O ports, 256 bytes of RAM, three timer/counters, and a serial port. The processor supports 111 different opcodes and references both a 64K program address space and a 64K data storage space.
Timers 0, 1, and 2
Timers 0, 1, and 2 each consist of two 8-bit data registers. These are called TL0 and TH0 for Timer 0, TL1 and TH1 for Timer 1, and TL2 and TH2 for Timer 2. The TCON and TMOD registers provide control functions for timers 0 and 1. The T2CON register provides control functions for Timer 2. RCAP2H and RCAP2L are used as reload/capture registers for Timer 2.
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W78E54B
The operations of Timer 0 and Timer 1 are the same as in the W78C51. Timer 2 is a special feature of the W78E54B: it is a 16-bit timer/counter that is configured and controlled by the T2CON register. Like Timers 0 and 1, Timer 2 can operate as either an external event counter or as an internal timer, depending on the setting of bit C/T2 in T2CON. Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, autoreload, and baud rate generator. The clock speed at capture or auto-reload mode is the same as that of Timers 0 and 1.
New Defined Peripheral
In order to be more suitable for I/O, an extra 4-bit bit-addressable port P4 and two external interrupt INT2 , INT3 has been added to either the PLCC or QFP 44-pin package. And description follows: 1. INT2 / INT3 Two additional external interrupts, INT2 and INT3 , whose functions are similar to those of external interrupt 0 and 1 in the standard 80C52. The functions/status of these interrupts are determined/shown by the bits in the XICON (External Interrupt Control) register. The XICON register is bit-addressable but is not a standard register in the standard 80C52. Its address is at 0C0H. To set/clear bits in the XICON register, one can use the "SETB (/CLR) bit" instruction. For example, "SETB 0C2H" sets the EX2 bit of XICON. XICON - external interrupt control (C0H) PX3 PX3: EX3: IE3: IT3: PX2: EX2: IE2: IT2: EX3 IE3 IT3 PX2 EX2 IE2 IT2
External interrupt 3 priority high if set External interrupt 3 enable if set If IT3 = 1, IE3 is set/cleared automatically by hardware when interrupt is detected/serviced External interrupt 3 is falling-edge/low-level triggered when this bit is set/cleared by software External interrupt 2 priority high if set External interrupt 2 enable if set If IT2 = 1, IE2 is set/cleared automatically by hardware when interrupt is detected/serviced External interrupt 2 is falling-edge/low-level triggered when this bit is set/cleared by software
Eight-source interrupt informations: INTERRUPT SOURCE VECTOR ADDRESS 03H 0BH 13H 1BH 23H 2BH 33H 3BH POLLING SEQUENCE WITHIN PRIORITY LEVEL 0 (highest) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (lowest) ENABLE REQUIRED SETTINGS IE.0 IE.1 IE.2 IE.3 IE.4 IE.5 XICON.2 XICON.6 INTERRUPT TYPE EDGE/LEVEL TCON.0 TCON.2 XICON.0 XICON.3
External Interrupt 0 Timer/Counter 0 External Interrupt 1 Timer/Counter 1 Serial Port Timer/Counter 2 External Interrupt 2 External Interrupt 3
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
2. PORT4 Another bit-addressable port P4 is also available and only 4 bits (P4<3:0>) can be used. This port address is located at 0D8H with the same function as that of port P1, except the P4.3 and P4.2 are alternative function pins. It can be used as general I/O pins or external interrupt input sources (INT2 , INT3 ). Example: P4 MOV MOV SETB CLR REG 0D8H P4, #0AH ; Output data "A" through P4.0-P4.3. A, P4 ; Read P4 status to Accumulator. P4.0 ; Set bit P4.0 P4.1 ; Clear bit P4.1
3. Reduce EMI Emission
Because of on-chip Flash EPROM, when a program is running in internal ROM space, the ALE will be unused. The transition of ALE will cause noise, so it can be turned off to reduce the EMI emission if it is useless. Turning off the ALE signal transition only requires setting the bit 0 of the AUXR SFR, which is located at 08Eh. When ALE is turned off, it will be reactivated when the program accesses external ROM/RAM data or jumps to execute an external ROM code. The ALE signal will turn off again after it has been completely accessed or the program returns to internal ROM code space. The AO bit in the AUXR register, when set, disables the ALE output. In order to reduce EMI emission from oscillation circuitry, W78E54B allows user to diminish the gain of on-chip oscillator amplifiers by using programmer to clear the B7 bit of security register. Once B7 is set to 0, a half of gain will be decreased. Care must be taken if user attempts to diminish the gain of oscillator amplifier, reducing a half of gain may affect the external crystal operating improperly at high frequency above 24 MHz. The value of R and C1, C2 may need some adjustment while running at lower gain. ***AUXR - Auxiliary register (8EH) AO
AO: Turn off ALE output.
4. Power-off Flag
***PCON - Power control (87H) POF: POF GF1 GF0 PD IDL
Power off flag. Bit is set by hardware when power on reset. It can be cleared by software to determine chip reset is a warm boot or cold boot. Power down mode bit. Set it to enter power down mode. Idle mode bit. Set it to enter idle mode.
GF1, GF0: These two bits are general-purpose flag bits for the user. PD: IDL:
The power-off flag is located at PCON.4. This bit is set when VDD has been applied to the part. It can be used to determine if a reset is a warm boot or a cold boot if it is subsequently reset by software.
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W78E54B
Watchdog Timer
The Watchdog timer is a free-running timer which can be programmed by the user to serve as a system monitor, a time-base generator or an event timer. It is basically a set of dividers that divide the system clock. The divider output is selectable and determines the time-out interval. When the time-out occurs, a system reset can also be caused if it is enabled. The main use of the Watchdog timer is as a system monitor. This is important in real-time control applications. In case of power glitches or electromagnetic interference, the processor may begin to execute errant code. If this is left unchecked the entire system may crash. The watchdog time-out selection will result in different time-out values depending on the clock speed. The Watchdog timer will be disabled on reset. In general, software should restart the Watchdog timer to put it into a known state. The control bits that support the Watchdog timer are discussed below. Watchdog Timer Control Register Bit: 7 ENW 6 CLRW 5 WIDL 4 3 2 PS2 1 PS1 0 PS0
Mnemonic: WDTC
Address: 8FH
ENW : Enable watch-dog if set. CLRW : Clear watch-dog timer and prescaler if set. This flag will be cleared automatically WIDL : If this bit is set, watch-dog is enabled under IDLE mode. If cleared, watch-dog is disabled under IDLE mode. Default is cleared. PS2, PS1, PS0: Watch-dog prescaler timer select. Prescaler is selected when set PS2~0 as follows: PS2 PS1 PS0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 PRESCALER SELECT 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
The time-out period is obtained using the following equation: 1 x 2 14 x PRESCALER x 1000 x 12 mS OSC Before Watchdog time-out occurs, the program must clear the 14-bit timer by writing 1 to WDTC.6 (CLRW). After 1 is written to this bit, the 14-bit timer, prescaler and this bit will be reset on the next instruction cycle. The Watchdog timer is cleared on reset.
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
WIDL IDLE
ENW
EXTERNAL RESET PRESCALER 14-BIT TIMER
CLEAR
OSC
1/12
INTERNAL RESET
Watchdog Timer Block Diagram
CLRW
Typical Watch-Dog time-out period when OSC = 20 MHz PS2 PS1 PS0 00 0 01 0 00 1 01 1 10 0 10 1 11 0 11 1 WATCHDOG TIME-OUT PERIOD 19.66 mS 39.32 mS 78.64 mS 157.28 mS 314.57 mS 629.14 mS 1.25 S 2.50 S
Clock
The W78E54B is designed to be used with either a crystal oscillator or an external clock. Internally, the clock is divided by two before it is used. This makes the W78E54B relatively insensitive to duty cycle variations in the clock. The W78E54B incorporates a built-in crystal oscillator. To make the oscillator work, a crystal must be connected across pins XTAL1 and XTAL2. In addition, a load capacitor must be connected from each pin to ground. An external clock source should be connected to pin XTAL1. Pin XTAL2 should be left unconnected. The XTAL1 input is a CMOS-type input, as required by the crystal oscillator.
Power Management
Idle Mode The idle mode is entered by setting the IDL bit in the PCON register. In the idle mode, the internal clock to the processor is stopped. The peripherals and the interrupt logic continue to be clocked. The processor will exit idle mode when either an interrupt or a reset occurs. Power-down Mode When the PD bit of the PCON register is set, the processor enters the power-down mode. In this mode all of the clocks are stopped, including the oscillator. The only way to exit power-down mode is by a reset.
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W78E54B
Reset
The external RESET signal is sampled at S5P2. To take effect, it must be held high for at least two machine cycles while the oscillator is running. An internal trigger circuit in the reset line is used to deglitch the reset line when the W78E54B is used with an external RC network. The reset logic also has a special glitch removal circuit that ignores glitches on the reset line. During reset, the ports are initialized to FFH, the stack pointer to 07H, PCON (with the exception of bit 4) to 00H, and all of the other SFR registers except SBUF to 00H. SBUF is not reset.
ON-CHIP FLASH EPROM CHARACTERISTICS
The W78E54B has several modes to program the on-chip Flash EPROM. All these operations are configured by the pins RST, ALE, PSEN , A9CTRL(P3.0), A13CTRL(P3.1), A14CTRL(P3.2), OECTRL(P3.3), CE (P3.6), OE (P3.7), A0(P1.0) and VPP( EA ). Moreover, the A15-A0(P2.7-P2.0, P1.7-P1.0) and the D7-D0(P0.7-P0.0) serve as the address and data bus respectively for these operations.
Read Operation
This operation is supported for customer to read their code and the Security bits. The data will not be valid if the Lock bit is programmed to low.
Output Disable Condition
When the OE is set to high, no data output appears on the D7..D0.
Program Operation
This operation is used to program the data to Flash EPROM and the security bits. Program operation is done when the Vpp is reach to Vcp (12.5V) level, CE set to low, and OE set to high.
Program Verify Operation
All the programming data must be checked after program operations. This operation should be performed after each byte is programmed; it will ensure a substantial program margin.
Erase Operation
An erase operation is the only way to change data from 0 to 1. This operation will erase all the Flash EPROM cells and the security bits from 0 to 1. This erase operation is done when the Vpp is reach to Vep level, CE set to low, and OE set to high.
Erase Verify Operation
After an erase operation, all of the bytes in the chip must be verified to check whether they have been successfully erased to 1 or not. The erase verify operation automatically ensures a substantial erase margin. This operation will be done after the erase operation if Vpp = Vep (14.5V), CE is high and OE is low.
Program/Erase Inhibit Operation
This operation allows parallel erasing or programming of multiple chips with different data. When P3.6( CE ) = VIH, P3.7( OE ) = VIH, erasing or programming of non-targeted chips is inhibited. So, except for the P3.6 and P3.7 pins, the individual chips may have common inputs.
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
OPERATIONS P3.0 (A9 Read Output Disable Program Program Verify Erase Erase Verify Program/Erase Inhibit
Notes: 1. All these operations happen in RST = VIH, ALE = VIL and PSEN = VIH. 2. VCP = 12.5V, VEP = 14.5V, VIH = VDD, VIL = Vss. 3. The program verify operation follows behind the program operation. 4. This erase operation will erase all the on-chip Flash EPROM cells and the Security bits. 5. The erase verify operation follows behind the erase operation.
P3.1 (A13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P3.2 (A14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P3.3 (OE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P3.6 ( CE ) 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
P3.7 ( OE ) 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
EA
P2, P1
P0
NOTE
(VPP) (A15..A0) (D7..D0) 1 1 VCP VCP VEP VEP VCP/ VEP Address X Address Address A0:0, others: X Address X Data Out Hi-Z Data In Data Out Data In 0FFH Data Out X @5 @3 @4
CTRL) CTRL) CTRL) CTRL) 0 0 0 0 1 1 X
SECURITY BITS
During the on-chip Flash EPROM operation mode, the Flash EPROM can be programmed and verified repeatedly. Until the code inside the Flash EPROM is confirmed OK, the code can be protected. The protection of Flash EPROM and those operations on it are described below. The W78E54B has a Security Register which can not be accessed in normal mode. These registers can only be accessed from the Flash EPROM operation mode. Those bits of the Security Register can not be changed once they have been programmed from high to low. They can only be reset through erase-all operation. The Security Register is addressed in the Flash EPROM operation mode by address #0FFFFh.
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W78E54B
16KB On-chip ROM Program Memory
0000h
B7
Reserved
B2 B1 B0
Security Bits Reserved
3FFFh
B0 : Lock bit, logic 0 : active B1 : MOVC inhibit, logic 0 : the MOVC instruction in external memory cannot access the code in internal memory. logic 1 : no restriction. B2 : Encryption logic 0 : the encryption logic enable logic 1 : the encryption logic disable B7 : Osillator Control logic 0 : 1/2 gain logic 1 : Full gain Default 1 for all security bits.
Security Register
0FFFFh
Reserved bits must be kept in logic 1.
Special Setting Register
Lock bit This bit is used to protect the customer's program code in the W78E54B. It may be set after the programmer finishes the programming and verifies sequence. Once this bit is set to logic 0, both the Flash EPROM data and Special Setting Register can not be accessed again. MOVC Inhibit This bit is used to restrict the accessible region of the MOVC instruction. It can prevent the MOVC instruction in external program memory from reading the internal program code. When this bit is set to logic 0, a MOVC instruction in external program memory space will be able to access code only in the external memory, not in the internal memory. A MOVC instruction in internal program memory space will always be able to access the ROM data in both internal and external memory. If this bit is logic 1, there are no restrictions on the MOVC instruction. Encryption This bit is used to enable/disable the encryption logic for code protection. Once encryption feature is enabled, the data presented on port 0 will be encoded via encryption logic. Only whole chip erase will reset this bit.
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
+5V
+5V
V DD A0 to A7 V IL V IL V IL V IL V IL V IH P1 P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.6 P3.7 X'tal1 X'tal2 Vss P0 EA/Vpp ALE RST PSEN PGM DATA A0 to A7 V IL V IL V IL V IL V IH V IL P1 P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.6 P3.7 X'tal1 X'tal2 Vss
V DD P0 EA/Vpp ALE RST PSEN PGM DATA V CP V IL V IH V IH A8 to A15
V CP V IL V IH V IH
P2
A8 to A15
P2
Programming Configuration
Programming Verification
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PARAMETER DC Power Supply Input Voltage Operating Temperature Storage Temperature SYMBOL VDD-VSS VIN TA TST MIN. -0.3 VSS -0.3 0 -55 MAX. +7.0 VDD +0.3 70 +150 UNIT V V C C
Note: Exposure to conditions beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may adversely affect the life and reliability of the device.
DC CHARACTERISTICS
VCC-VSS = 5V 10%, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER Operating Voltage Operating Current Idle Current Power Down Current Input Current P1, P2, P3, P4 Logical 1-to-0 Transition Current P1, P2, P3 Input Current RST
(*2) (*1)
SYMBOL VDD IDD IIDLE IPWDN IIN1 ITL IIN2
TEST CONDITIONS No load, VDD = 5.5V, RST = 1 Idle mode VDD = 5.5V Power-down mode VDD = 5.5V VDD = 5.5V VIN = 0V or VDD VDD = 5.5V VIN = 2.0V VIN = VDD
(*1)
SPECIFICATION MIN. 4.5 -50 -550 -10 MAX. 5.5 20 6 50 +10 +300
UNIT V mA mA A A A A
, P4
VDD = 5.5V
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W78E54B
DC Characteristics, continued
PARAMETER Input Leakage Current P0, EA Output Low Voltage P1, P2, P3, P4 Output Low Voltage ALE, PSEN , P0 Output High Voltage P1, P2, P3, P4 Output High Voltage ALE, PSEN , P0 Input Low Voltage (Except RST) Input Low Voltage RST Input Low Voltage XTAL1 Input High Voltage (Except RST) Sink Current P1, P2, P3, P4 Input High Voltage RST Input High Voltage XTAL1 Sink Current P0, ALE, PSEN (*3) Source Current P1, P2, P3, P4 Source Current P0, ALE, PSEN (*3)
(*4) (*4) (*4) (*4) (*3) (*3)
SYMBOL ILK VOL1 VOL2 VOH1 VOH2 VIL1 VIL2 VIL3 VIH1 ISK1 VIH2 VIH3 ISK2 ISR1 ISR2
TEST CONDITIONS VDD = 5.5V 0V < VIN < VDD VDD = 4.5V IOL1 = +2 mA VDD = 4.5V IOL2 = +4 mA VDD = 4.5V IOH1 = -100 A VDD = 4.5V IOH2 = -400 A VDD = 4.5V VDD = 4.5V VDD = 4.5V VDD = 4.5V VDD = 4.5V Vs = 0.45V VDD = 4.5V VDD = 4.5V VDD = 4.5V Vs = 0.45V VDD = 4.5V Vs = 2.4V VDD = 4.5V Vs = 2.4V
SPECIFICATION MIN. -10 2.4 2.4 0 0 0 2.4 4 0.67 VDD 0.67 VDD 8 -100 -8 MAX. +10 0.45 0.45 0.8 0.8 0.8 VDD +0.2 12 VDD +0.2 VDD +0.2 16 -250 -14
UNIT A V V V V V V V V mA V V mA uA mA
Notes: *1. Pins P1, P2 and P3 source a transition current when they are being externally driven from 1 to 0. The transition current reaches its maximum value when VIN is approximately 2V. *2. RST pin has an internal pull-down resistor. *3. P0, ALE, PSEN are in the external access memory mode. *4. XTAL1 is a CMOS input and RST is a Schmitt trigger input.
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
AC CHARACTERISTICS
The AC specifications are a function of the particular process used to manufacture the part, the ratings of the I/O buffers, the capacitive load, and the internal routing capacitance. Most of the specifications can be expressed in terms of multiple input clock periods (TCP), and actual parts will usually experience less than a 20 nS variation. The numbers below represent the performance expected from a 0.6micron CMOS process when using 2 and 4 mA output buffers.
Clock Input Waveform
XTAL1
TCH F OP, TCP T CL
PARAMETER Operating Speed Clock Period Clock High Clock Low
SYMBOL FOP TCP TCH TCL
MIN. 0 25 10 10
TYP. -
MAX. 40 -
UNIT MHz nS nS nS
NOTES 1 2 3 3
Notes: 1. The clock may be stopped indefinitely in either state. 2. The TCP specification is used as a reference in other specifications. 3. There are no duty cycle requirements on the XTAL1 input.
Program Fetch Cycle
PARAMETER Address Valid to ALE Low Address Hold from ALE Low ALE Low to PSEN Low SYMBOL TAAS TAAH TAPL TPDA TPDH TPDZ TALW TPSW MIN. 1 TCP - 1 TCP - 1 TCP - 0 0 2 TCP - 3 TCP - TYP. 2 TCP 3 TCP MAX. 2 TCP 1 TCP 1 TCP UNIT nS nS nS nS nS nS nS nS 4 4 NOTES 4 1, 4 4 2 3
PSEN Low to Data Valid
Data Hold after PSEN High Data Float after PSEN High ALE Pulse Width PSEN Pulse Width
Notes: 1. P0.0-P0.7, P2.0-P2.7 remain stable throughout entire memory cycle. 2. Memory access time is 3 TCP. 3. Data have been latched internally prior to PSEN going high. 4. "" (due to buffer driving delay and wire loading) is 20 nS.
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W78E54B
Data Read Cycle
PARAMETER ALE Low to RD Low RD Low to Data Valid Data Hold from RD High Data Float from RD High RD Pulse Width
Notes: 1. Data memory access time is 8 TCP. 2. "" (due to buffer driving delay and wire loading) is 20 nS.
SYMBOL TDAR TDDA TDDH TDDZ TDRD
MIN. 3 TCP - 0 0 6 TCP -
TYP. 6 TCP
MAX. 3 TCP + 4 TCP 2 TCP 2 TCP -
UNIT nS nS nS nS nS
NOTES 1, 2 1
2
Data Write Cycle
PARAMETER ALE Low to WR Low Data Valid to WR Low Data Hold from WR High WR Pulse Width SYMBOL TDAW TDAD TDWD TDWR MIN. 3 TCP - 1 TCP - 1 TCP - 6 TCP - TYP. 6 TCP MAX. 3 TCP + UNIT nS nS nS nS
Note: "" (due to buffer driving delay and wire loading) is 20 nS.
Port Access Cycle
PARAMETER Port Input Setup to ALE Low Port Input Hold from ALE Low Port Output to ALE SYMBOL TPDS TPDH TPDA MIN. 1 TCP 0 1 TCP TYP. MAX. UNIT nS nS nS
Note: Ports are read during S5P2, and output data becomes available at the end of S6P2. The timing data are referenced to ALE, since it provides a convenient reference.
Program Operation
PARAMETER VPP Setup Time Data Setup Time Data Hold Time Address Setup Time Address Hold Time SYMBOL TVPS TDS TDH TAS TAH MIN. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0 TYP. MAX. UNIT S S S S S
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
Program Operation, continued
PARAMETER CE Program Pulse Width for Program Operation OECTRL Setup Time OECTRL Hold Time OE Setup Time OE High to Output Float Data Valid from OE
and the PSEN pin must pull in VIH status.
SYMBOL TPWP TOCS TOCH TOES TDFP TOEV
MIN. 290 2.0 2.0 2.0 0 -
TYP. 300 -
MAX. 310 130 150
UNIT S S S S nS nS
Note: Flash data can be accessed only in flash mode. The RST pin must pull in VIH status, the ALE pin must pull in VIL status,
TIMING WAVEFORMS
Program Fetch Cycle
S1 XTAL1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
TALW ALE TAPL PSEN TPSW TAAS PORT 2 TAAH PORT 0 Code A0-A7 Data A0-A7 Code A0-A7 Data A0-A7 TPDA TPDH, TPDZ
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W78E54B
Timing Waveforms, continued
Data Read Cycle
S4 XTAL1 ALE PSEN PORT 2
S5
S6
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S1
S2
S3
A8-A15 A0-A7 DATA
T DAR T DDA
PORT 0 T DDH, T DDZ RD
T DRD
Data Write Cycle
S4 XTAL1 ALE PSEN PORT 2 PORT 0 WR
S5
S6
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S1
S2
S3
A8-A15 A0-A7 DATA OUT
TDAD
T DWD
T DAW
T DWR
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
Timing Waveforms, continued
Port Access Cycle
S5 XTAL1
S6
S1
ALE T PDS PORT INPUT SAMPLE T PDH T PDA DATA OUT
Program Operation
Program P2, P1 VIH (A15... A0) VIL P3.6 (CE) P3.3 (OECTRL) P3.7 (OE) P0 (A7... A0) VIH VIL VIH VIL VIH VIL VIH VIL Vcp Vpp VIH TVPS Data In TDS
Program Verify
Read Verify
Address Stable TAS TPWP TAH T OCS TOCH TOES TDH DOUT TDFP
Address Valid
Data Out
TOEV
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W78E54B
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS
Expanded External Program Memory and Crystal
V DD V DD 31 19 10 u
CRYSTAL
EA XTAL1
R 18 XTAL2 9 RST INT0 INT1 T0 T1 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 W78E54B
8.2 K C1 C2
P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P2.4 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7 RD WR PSEN ALE TXD RXD
39 AD0 38 AD1 37 AD2 36 AD3 35 AD4 34 AD5 33 AD6 32 AD7 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 16 29 30 11 10 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15
AD0 3 AD1 4 AD2 7 AD3 8 AD413 AD514 AD617 AD718 GND 1
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
2 A0 5 A1 6 A2 9 A3 12 A4 15 A5 16 A6 19 A7
12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OC 11 G 74373
A0 10 A1 9 A2 8 A3 7 A4 6 A5 5 A6 4 A7 3 A8 25 A9 24 A10 21 A11 23 A12 2 A13 26 A14 27 A15 1
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15
O0 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7
11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19
AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7
GND 20 CE 22 OE 27512
Figure A
CRYSTAL 16 MHz 24 MHz 33 MHz 40 MHz
C1 30P 15P 10P 5P
C2 30P 15P 10P 5P
R 6.8K 4.7K
Above table shows the reference values for crystal applications (full gain).
Note: C1, C2, R components refer to Figure A.
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3
W78E54B
Typical Application Circuits, continued
Expanded External Data Memory and Oscillator
VDD VDD 31 19 10 u OSCILLATOR 18 8.2 K 9 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RST INT0 INT1 T0 T1 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 W78E54B EA XTAL1 XTAL2 P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P2.4 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7 RD WR PSEN ALE TXD RXD 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 16 29 30 11 10 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 AD0 3 AD1 4 AD2 7 AD3 8 AD4 13 AD5 14 AD6 17 AD7 18 GND 1 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A0 10 A1 9 A2 8 A3 7 A4 6 A5 5 A6 4 A7 3 A8 25 A9 24 A10 21 A11 23 A12 2 A13 26 A14 1 GND 20 22 27 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 CE OE WR 20256 D0 11 D1 12 D2 13 D3 15 D4 16 D5 17 D6 18 D7 19 AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7
OC 11 G 74373
Figure B
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W78E54B
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
40-pin DIP
Symbol
Dimension in inch Dimension in mm Min. Nom. Max. Min. Nom. Max.
0.210 0.010 0.150 0.016 0.048 0.008 0.155 0.018 0.050 0.010 2.055 0.590 0.540 0.090 0.120 0 0.630 0.650 0.600 0.545 0.100 0.130 0.160 0.022 0.054 0.014 2.070 0.610 14.986 0.550 0.110 0.140 15 0.670 0.090 13.72 2.286 3.048 0 16.00 16.51 0.254 3.81 0.406 1.219 0.203 3.937 0.457 1.27 0.254 52.20 15.24 13.84 2.54 3.302 4.064 0.559 1.372 0.356 52.58 15.494 13.97 2.794 3.556 15 17.01 2.286 5.334
D 40 21
E1
A A1 A2 B B1 c D E E1 e1 L
a
1 S
20
E
eA S
Notes:
c
A L
A
2
A1
Base Plane
Seating Plane
B B1 e
1
a
eA
1. Dimension D Max. & S include mold flash or tie bar burrs. 2. Dimension E1 does not include interlead flash. 3. Dimension D & E1 include mold mismatch and . are determined at the mold parting line. 4. Dimension B1 does not include dambar protrusion/intrusion. 5. Controlling dimension: Inches. 6. General appearance spec. should be based on final visual inspection spec.
44-pin PLCC
HD D
6 1 44 40
Symbol
7 39
Dimension in inch Dimension in mm Min. Nom. Max. Min. Nom. Max.
0.185 0.020 0.145 0.026 0.016 0.008 0.648 0.648 0.150 0.028 0.018 0.010 0.653 0.653 0.155 0.032 0.022 0.014 0.508 3.683 0.66 3.81 0.711 0.254 16.59 16.59 3.937 0.813 0.559 0.356 16.71 16.71 4.699
E
HE
GE
17
29
18
28
c
A A1 A2 b1 b c D E e GD GE HD HE L y
Notes:
0.406 0.457 0.203
0.658 16.46 0.658 16.46
0.050 0.590 0.590 0.680 0.680 0.090
BSC
1.27
BSC 16.00 16.00 17.78 17.78 2.794 0.10
0.610 0.610 0.690 0.690 0.100
0.630 14.99 0.630 14.99 0.700 17.27 0.700 17.27 0.110 0.004 2.296
15.49 15.49 17.53 17.53 2.54
L A2 A
e
Seating Plane GD
b b1
A1 y
1. Dimension D & E do not include interlead flash. 2. Dimension b1 does not include dambar protrusion/intrusion. 3. Controlling dimension: Inches 4. General appearance spec. should be based on final visual inspection spec.
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Publication Release Date: December 2000 Revision A3

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